Tag: design-system
All the articles with the tag "design-system".
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System Design - How Rate Limiting Works
How rate limiting works: token bucket, leaky bucket, fixed window counter, and sliding window log/counter algorithms with ASCII diagrams, source code walkthrough from Nginx, Guava, and Redis, and practical trade-offs.
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System Design - How DNS Resolution Works
How DNS resolution works: the recursive and iterative query process, DNS record types, caching layers, TTL mechanics, and how the global DNS hierarchy routes billions of lookups every day.
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System Design - How Database Query Optimization Works
How database query optimizers work: parsing SQL into trees, generating candidate plans, cost estimation, join ordering with dynamic programming and genetic algorithms, and a source code walkthrough of the PostgreSQL optimizer.
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AI/ML - How the Transformer Attention Mechanism Works
How the Transformer attention mechanism works: intuition behind queries/keys/values, scaled dot-product attention, multi-head attention, positional encoding, and a source code walkthrough from PyTorch and the original paper.
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System Design - How the TLS Handshake Works
How TLS (Transport Layer Security) works: the handshake protocol, certificate verification, key exchange with Diffie-Hellman, symmetric encryption, TLS 1.2 vs 1.3, and a source code walkthrough from Go's crypto/tls package.
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System Design - How Apache Kafka Works
How Apache Kafka works internally: the distributed commit log, partitions, replication with ISR, producer batching, consumer groups, zero-copy transfer, and source code walkthrough from the apache/kafka repository.